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Gabions For Streambank Erosion Control

 

Streambank erosion is a natural process that occurs in streams. Depending on the soil type and land use, streambank erosion can account for 40 percent or more of total soil loss in some watersheds (Farm Journal, 1992). The major factor accounting for streambank erosion is the velocity of the flowing water. Velocity is affected by the stream cross section, stream bed gradient, bank cover, depth of flow and degree of meander. Water flowing at two feet per second can move a cobblestone weighing half a pound, but an increase to ten feet per second can move a stone that weighs one hundred and fifty pounds.

There are numerous methods of controlling streambank erosion. When a streambank requires protection from high velocity flows, structural methods should be considered. Two structural methods commonly used are riprap revetments and gabion revetments. Structural methods are also used when infrastructure, such as utility lines, roads or buildings, are endangered by the eroding stream. When installing streambank protection, the velocities during everyday flows as well as the velocities during large storm events should be considered in the design process.

This Ohio Stream Management Guide describes the basic uses for gabion revetments, their installation and maintenance. Depending on the skill, equipment and labor force available to a landowner, the services of a land improvement contractor may be needed to install the revetment. Projects on larger streams and projects protecting structures or utilities should be designed by a professional engineer. Design advice and limited assistance on smaller projects may be obtained at your local Soil and Water Conservation District. Prior to purchasing materials, check the stream's water quality against the manufacturer's recommendations. If the water quality would cause premature deterioration of the baskets, other bank protection measures need to be considered.

As with any project in a stream environment, the Ohio Department of Natural Resources recommends that you consult with the applicable local, state and federal authorities listed in Guide 06, Permit Checklist for Stream Modification Projects, prior to construction. The extent of permit requirements will depend on the location and design of your project.


What are Gabions ?

Gabions are wire mesh boxes, containers or baskets filled with rock to prevent soil erosion and to retain/contain soil particles. They reduce water velocities and re-capture river bed sediment in streams. Flat Gabions, called River or Reno Mattresses are widely used in river courses where soil erosion is a problem over a wide flat area and a large area needs to be protected against soil loss/scour. They are used mostly in the civil engineering industry especially in the construction of roads, however recently due to their environmental benefits are being used in many various applications and industries.

They were even recently used to contain chickens for transportion in the back of a vehicle to the reseller with suprising success !

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